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Clermontia calophylla

E.Wimm. (1943)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Asterales Family: Campanulaceae Genus: Clermontia

‘ōhā [oha], ‘ōhā wai [oha wai], hāhā [haha]

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs or trees, 1.5–5 m tall, terrestrial or epiphytic.

Stems: Stems branched repeatedly, spreading, light gray or light brown, glabrous or rarely pubescent, with numerous helically arranged leaf scars near apex, pith solid, latex white, viscous.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades elliptic or broadly elliptic, 12–19 cm long, 4–7 cm wide. Apex acuminate, acute, or obtuse. Base cuneate. Upper surfaces glabrous; lower surfaces glabrous or pubescent, blades chartaceous, dull; upper surfaces green; lower surfaces light green. Margins callose–crenulate. Petioles 3–7 cm long, pubescent. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences axillary, subumbellately racemose, 2(–4)–flowered, pubescent; peduncle 1–1.7 cm long, spreading, bibracteate at middle or apex; pedicels 1–1.2 cm long, spreading, bibracteolate at middle. Flowers bisexual (perfect), epigynous, zygomorphic, resupinate, protandrous. Hypanthium 1–1.7 cm long, 0.8–1.2 cm in diameter, obovoid, turbinate, or hemispheric, glabrous or pubescent. Calyx synsepalous; tube adnate to the ovary, forming a hypanthium, hemispheric, obconic, obovoid, turbinate, or rarely oblong, smooth or with 10 longitudinal furrows, rarely muricate or with 10 longitudinal ridges; lobes 5, valvate, either less than 1⁄2 as long as the corolla, distinct or rarely connate at base, persistent, triangular or deltate, rarely oblong or ovate, firm, green, or as long as the corolla (rarely only ⅔ as long), connate for 1/5–⅘ their length, deciduous, mimicking the corolla in shape, texture, and color. Perianth 3.5–4.5 cm long, rotate, greenish externally, purple or dark purple within, glabrous or pubescent; tube 1–1.8 cm long, 0.7–1 cm in diameter, erect or suberect; lobes 5, valvate, 1.8–3.4 cm long, 1.2–2.5 mm wide, recurved. Stamens 5, syngenesious, alternate with the corolla lobes, exserted, erect or suberect; anthers connate, dithecal, opening introrsely by longitudinal slits, dark purple, the 3 dorsal ones a little longer than the 2 ventral ones, the latter with tufts of stiff white trichomes at apex, the tube 1 1.3 cm long, 3–4 mm in diameter, glabrous or sparsely pubescent; filaments 2.5–3.3 cm long, connate above, free from the corolla, purple or dark purple, glabrous. Pollen tricolporate, prolate, ellipsoidal. Ovary inferior, 2-carpellate, 2-loculed; ovule placentation axile, placentae large; style slender, terete (cylindrical), with a ring of stiff white hairs near apex; stigma 2-lobed, the lobes appressed and non–receptive as the style grows through the anther tube, pushing out pollen, after which the stigmas spread and become receptive.

Fruit: Berries 1.5–3 cm long; 1.5–3 cm in diameter; orange; subglobose; pericarp thick; leathery; placentae juicy or spongy; apex truncate; crowned with a low circular rim and base of style. Seeds numerous; tiny; dark brown or black; minutely foveate–reticulate; shiny; with a straight; short to spatulate dicotyledonous embryo embedded in oily endosperm.

Ploidy: 2n = 14*.

Habitat: Montane rain forests.

Elevation Range: 885–1460 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 276b: 85 (1943)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:427 (H); Lammers 1991:65 (KEY, DESCR)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In Metrosideros- Cheirodendron- Cibotium wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 17806 Hawaii PTBG 12/17/2001
2 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Metrosideros-Ciboteum- Cheirodendron-Dicranopteris montane wet forest near pasture fence line. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 5811 Hawaii PTBG 11/15/1996
3 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Metrosideros- Cheirodendron- Cibotium wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 17817 Hawaii PTBG 12/19/2001
4 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: s.n. Hawaii BISH 7/1/1910
5 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Riparian cliffs. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 13173 Hawaii PTBG 12/18/1992
6 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In Metrosideros- Dicranopteris linearis montane wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 15174 Hawaii PTBG 11/30/1995
7 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Metrosideros- Cibotium- Cheirodendron montane wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 15184 Hawaii PTBG 12/5/2005
8 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In Metrosideros- Cheirodendron- Cibotium wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 17826 Hawaii PTBG 12/19/2001
9 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Perlman, S. P.; Wood, K. 13170 Hawaii US 12/17/1992
10 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Perlman, S. P.; Agorastos, N.; Cole, I.; Kealii, B. 17826 Hawaii US 12/19/2001
11 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. s. hitchcock 14408 Hawaii US 8/26/1916
12 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H.; Hosaka, E. Y. 11456 Hawaii US 1/1/1932
13 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hawaii US
14 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. st. john & e. y. hosaka 11471 Hawaii US 1/1/1932
15 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hitchcock, A. S. 14363 Hawaii US 8/26/2016
16 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. s. hitchcock 14363 Hawaii US 8/26/1916
17 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Common in & back of vegetation line. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. hosaka, e.y. collector number: 11456 Oahu BISH 1/1/1932
18 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 8814 Hawaii BISH 6/1/1910
19 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Corn, C. s.n. Hawaii BISH 4/26/1984
20 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 4788 Hawaii BISH 7/9/1909
21 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Skottsberg, C.J.F. 3149 Hawaii BISH 4/21/1905
22 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information on slopes of Mt. Eke in Metrosideros-Cheirodendron-Cibotium spp. montane wet forest with Broussaisia, Sadleria, Cyrtandra, Myrsine, Vaccinium, Uncinia, Alyxia, Labordia, Psychotria, Melicope, Rubus hawaiensis, Dryopteris wallichiana, Astelia, Clermontia PRESERVED_SPECIMEN perlman, s.p. stevens, b.; gooding, j. collector number: 14838 Hawaii BISH 8/9/1995
23 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information on slopes of Mt. Eke in Metrosideros-Cheirodendron-Cibotium spp. montane wet forest with Broussaisia, Sadleria, Cyrtandra, Myrsine, Vaccinium, Uncinia, Alyxia, Labordia, Psychotria, Melicope, Rubus hawaiensis, Dryopteris wallichiana, Astelia, Clermontia PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Perlman, S. 14838 Hawaii BISH 8/9/1995
24 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information rain forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. hosaka, e.y. collector number: 11498 Hawaii BISH 1/2/1932
25 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN skottsberg, c.j.f. collector number: 707 Hawaii BISH 9/29/1922
26 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 8814 Hawaii BISH 6/1/1910
27 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Rain forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 11503 Hawaii BISH 1/2/1932
28 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Metrosideros-Cheirodendron-Cibotium montane wet forest w/Dryopteris acutidens, Clermontia spp., Asplenium spp., Labordia hirtella. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wood, k.r. collector number: 4776 Hawaii BISH 11/21/1995
29 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In relatively open places in wet Metrosideros forest, with Gunnera petaloidea, Ilex anomala, Scaevola chamissoniana, Trematolobelia macrostachys, Sadleria, Myrsine, Cheirodendron, Broussaisia. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN carlquist, s. collector number: 1857 Hawaii BISH 6/24/1966
30 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 4781 Hawaii BISH 7/9/1909
31 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 4780 Hawaii BISH 7/9/1909
32 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 11456 Hawaii BISH 1/1/1932
33 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 8814 Hawaii BISH 6/1/1910
34 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Wet forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lammers, t.g. wagner, w.l.; weller, s.; davis, j.; sakai, a.; mill, s. collector number: 5763 Hawaii BISH 6/24/1985
35 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN l. m. cranwell, o. selling & c. skottsberg 3115 S 9/7/1938
36 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Riparian cliffs. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 13169 Hawaii PTBG 12/17/1992
37 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Metrosideros-Dicranopteris linearis montane wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 15147 Hawaii PTBG 11/16/1995
38 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. st. john & e. y. hosaka 11456 Maui US 1/1/1932
39 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Perlman, S. P.; Wood, K. 13173 Hawaii US 12/18/1992
40 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H.; Hosaka, E. Y. 11471 Hawaii US 1/1/1932
41 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hitchcock, A. S. 14408 Hawaii US 8/26/2016
42 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s. p. perlman & k. wood 13173 Hawaii US 12/18/1992
43 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s. p. perlman & k. wood 13170 Hawaii US 12/17/1992
44 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. f. rock 4788 YPM 8/6/1909
45 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In Metrosideros-Dicranopteris linearis montane wet forest with Sadleria, Cibotium spp., Coprosma, Clermontia drepanomorpha, Clermontia kohalae, Trematolobelia, Cyanea tritomantha, Astelia, Myrsine. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN perlman, s.p. wood, k.r. collector number: 15174 Hawaii BISH 11/30/1995
46 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In Degraded Metrosideros-Pisonia forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 15200 Hawaii PTBG 12/15/1995
47 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 1362 Hawaii PTBG 11/18/1985
48 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information steep sides of Gulch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN MacDaniels, L.H. 336 Hawaii BISH 12/6/1926
49 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Wet forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lammers, T.G. 5763 Hawaii BISH 6/24/1985
50 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN macdaniels, l.h. collector number: 336 Hawaii BISH 12/6/1926
51 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In Metrosideros-Cheirodenron montane wet shrubland with Vaccinium, Myrsine, Trematolobelia grandifolia, Styphelia, Sadleria, Ilex, Melicope clusiifolia, Lycopodium, Peperomia, Coprosma, Dubautia, Cibotium spp. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Perlman, S. 15081 Hawaii BISH 10/11/1995
52 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 4781 Hawaii BISH 7/9/1909
53 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN corn, c. collector number: s.n. Hawaii BISH 4/26/1984
54 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Open mud flats PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 8814 Kauai BISH 6/1/1910
55 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Skottsberg, C.J.F. 707 Hawaii BISH 9/29/1922
56 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. s.n. Hawaii BISH 7/1/1910
57 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Metrosideros-Cheirodendron-Cibotium montane wet forest w/Dryopteris acutidens, Clermontia spp., Asplenium spp., Labordia hirtella. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wood, K.R. 4776 Hawaii BISH 11/21/1995
58 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Disturbed closed Metrosideros forest, near skid trail. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. hosaka, e.y. collector number: 11503 Hawaii BISH 1/2/1932
59 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In Metrosideros-Cheirodenron montane wet shrubland with Vaccinium, Myrsine, Trematolobelia grandifolia, Styphelia, Sadleria, Ilex, Melicope clusiifolia, Lycopodium, Peperomia, Coprosma, Dubautia, Cibotium spp. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN perlman, s.p. stevens, b.; clay collector number: 15081 Hawaii BISH 10/11/1995
60 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 4771 Hawaii BISH 7/9/1909
61 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 4788 Hawaii BISH 7/9/1909
62 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN skottsberg, c.j.f. collector number: 3149 Hawaii BISH
63 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: s.n. Hawaii BISH 7/1/1910
64 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In relatively open places in wet Metrosideros forest, with Gunnera petaloidea, Ilex anomala, Scaevola chamissoniana, Trematolobelia macrostachys, Sadleria, Myrsine, Cheirodendron, Broussaisia. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Carlquist, S. 1857 Hawaii BISH 6/24/1966
65 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In Metrosideros-Dicranopteris linearis montane wet forest with Sadleria, Cibotium spp., Coprosma, Clermontia drepanomorpha, Clermontia kohalae, Trematolobelia, Cyanea tritomantha, Astelia, Myrsine. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Perlman, S. 15174 Hawaii BISH 11/30/1995
66 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information On rough, rocky clay soil on cliff slope about 200 ft. above south (of cliffside) road. With Ipomoea, Canthium odoratum, Leucaena glauca & Opuntia. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s. p. perlman, n. agorastos, i. cole & b. kealii 17826 Oahu BISH 12/19/2001
67 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 4771 Hawaii BISH 7/9/1909
68 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 4780 Hawaii BISH 7/9/1909
69 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information rain forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 11498 Hawaii BISH 1/2/1932
70 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. f. rock 4788 A 7/7/1909
71 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Metrosideros- Cibotium spp. wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 14841 Hawaii PTBG 8/1/2009
72 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Metrosideros-Cheirodendron-Cibotium Mntane Wet Forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 4776 Hawaii PTBG 11/21/1995
73 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Metrosideros-Cheirodendron montane wet shrubland. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 15081 Hawaii PTBG 10/11/1995
74 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Metrosideros-Cheirodendron Montane Wet Forest with scattered stunted Metrosideros pseudo bogs. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 4649 Hawaii PTBG 10/11/1995
75 Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In Metrosideros-Cheirodendron montane wet shrubland. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 15081 Hawaii PTBG 10/11/1995
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